Carbon monoxide (co) is toxic because it binds more strongly to the iron in hemoglobin (hb) than does oxygen (o2), as indicated by these approximate standard free-energy changes in blood:

reaction a: reaction b: hb+o2hb+co⟶⟶hbo2,hbco, δg∘=−70 kj/mol δg∘=−80 kj/mol

estimate the equilibrium constant k at 298 k for the equilibrium

hbo2+co⇌hbco+o2

Answer : The value of equilibrium constant K at 298 K is, 56.59

Explanation :

The given chemical reaction are:

(1) ;    

(2) ;    

First we have to determine the standard free-energy change for the following reaction.

(3) ;    

Now we are reversing the reaction 1 and then adding reaction 1 and 2, we get:

(1) ;    

(2) ;    

Now we have to calculate the equilibrium constant K at 298 K.

where,

= standard Gibbs free energy  = -10kJ/mol = -10000 J/mol

R = gas constant = 8.314 J/K.mol

T = temperature = 298 K

 = equilibrium constant  = ?

Now put all the given values in the above formula, we get:

Therefore, the value of equilibrium constant K at 298 K is, 56.59

- calcium has greater affinity to bond with electron receptors than hydrogen does and hence, it has the ability to replace hydrogen in most of its compounds.

- lithium has 2 valence electrons in the product because it can make only 1 bond with hydrogen. beryllium has 4 valence electrons in the product because it can only make 2 bonds. it has fewer electrons than neon and can react with electron donors. each hydrogen has 2 valence electrons, the same as helium.

- the covalent bond formed between carbon and hydrogen is polar because carbon is more electronegative than hydrogen and it attracts the bonded electron pair closer to itself, thus giving hydrogen a partial positive charge.

- a hydrogen bond is a relatively weak bond that hydrogen atoms make with the electronegative atoms nitrogen, oxygen or fluorine.

so the best choice is a.) 2 calcium (ca) atoms

practical process described pest part of scientific investigation.

because practical knowledge is powerful then therotical knowledge.