How are ionic bonds formed?

a. sharing of electrons between atoms
b. gain of electrons by atoms
c. loss of electrons by atoms
d. electrostatic forces between atoms

Which of these conditions most likely produces an unstable isotope?

Answer asap : ( a. how does mucus prevent the entry of pathogens? b. describe two ways white blood cells protect us from pathogens.

Astable electron arrangement for an atom is one that does not easily change. how is this arrangement arrived at? a. valence electrons are transferred or shared to create a full outer shell of electrons. b. valence electrons are discarded into space to create a full outer shell of electrons. c. protons (positive charge) pair with valence electrons (negative charge) to create a strong bond. d. outer shells with valence electrons are transferred or shared.