What mineral fizzes when in contact with hydrochloric acid

Calcite

Explanation:

Calcite, whose composition is CaCO3, has the amazing ability to fizz  in contact with hydrochloric acid.

From the geological point of view, this test is commonly performed to differentiate calcite from other minerals of similar color, brightness and habit. Do not confuse calcite with aragonite that also reacts in this way against HCl.

On the other hand we can analyze this experiment from the chemical point of view, since the following chemical reaction takes place:

CaCO3 + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2

The products of the reaction are released in liquid form (water with dissolved CaCl2), and in bubbles of carbon dioxide gas.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.