Scientists use the emission spectra of elements to detect a) explosives in luggage. b) cracks in support structures, like bridges. c) the possibility of an earthquake occurrence. d) elements in clouds of gas and dust in deep space

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.

water and alcohols have similar properties because water molecules contain hydroxyl groups that can form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules and with alcohol molecules, and likewise alcohol molecules can form hydrogen bonds with other alcohol molecules as well as with water.

the transfer of heat by electromagnetic radiation is called thermal radiation . it is usually carried out by electromagnetic waves in an energy range just below the visible spectrum, which is the infrared range.

so the answer would be radiation.

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