To sense any signal, cells must distinguish between the signal and the background noise. for the chemical senses, the signal is the binding of a chemical to a receptor on the sensing cells. at the molecular level, background noise corresponds to thermal fluctuations in the movement of molecules. the equipartition theorem of thermodynamics states that each mode of motion at equilibrium has the energy ½ kt, where k is boltzmann’s constant and t is the temperature in °k. k = 1.38 x10-23 joule °k-1 molecule-1

Match the following vocabulary terms to their definitions. 1. amount of energy required to change 1 gram of material from the solid to the liquid state at its melting point 2. a measure of the kinetic energy of the particles of a substance 3. the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of liquid water from 14.5°c to 15.5°c 4. amount of energy required to change 1 gram of material from the liquid to the gaseous state at its boiling point 5. the amount of energy required to change 1 gram of a substance 1°c a. temperature b. latent heat of vaporization c. latent heat of fusion d. calorie e. specific heat

What is the independent variable in this investigation? mass volume sample number substance density

Draw two cyclic constitutional isomers of cis-1