(a) glutenin, a wheat protein rich in disulfide bonds, is responsible for the cohesive and elastic character of dough made from wheat flour. similarly, the hard, tough nature of tortoise shell is due to the extensive disulfide bonding in its -keratin. what is the molecular basis for the correlation between disulfide-bond content and mechanical properties of the protein?

Through extensive bonding

Explanation:

Oxidation of two cysteine gives disulphide bonds. They are covalent in nature. Given as;

R-CH2-SH + R'-CH2 +02 = R-CH2-S-S-CH2-R' + H202

They are the stabilizing force behind protein folding the endoplasmic reticulum. Proteins being the backbone of our genetic constitution require disulphide bonding to stabilize the peptide molecules and the extent and number of this bonding determines the Resistance of the protein molecule to extreme conditions e.g extreme heat which denatures proteins and elasticity as well.

here we have to get the change of moles on decrease the volume of the reaction in gas phase.

the   per the given options it will decrease by (d) 11-50%

we know, on decreasing the volume of the gas phase reaction the reaction moves to the product side.

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:                   1 - α               α               α           = 1 + α

(concentration = moles/volume, as volume is 1 l)

(where α is the degree of dissociation)

now the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

=  

or,

or,   = (at v = 1l)

the reaction:                     so₂cl₂ (g) = so₂ (g) + cl₂ (g)         total

the moles at equilibrium:   1 - α                 α               α           = 1+α

concentrations:               (1 - α)/0.5           α/0.5         α/0.5       = (1 + α)/0.5

thus, the dissociation constant in terms of concentration is :

or,  

=  

so, the change of 1 : 1/0.5

or, 1: 2

thus it will decrease by 50%.

or, as per the given options it will decrease by 11-50%