In a vacuum bottle, 320 g of water and 120 g of ice are initially in equilibrium at 0.00∘∘c. the bottle is not a perfect insulator. over time, its contents come to thermal equilibrium with the outside air at 25.0∘∘c. 1) how much does the entropy of universe increase in the process?

Δ

Explanation:

Hello,

To find the change in the entropy of the universe, we must take into account the following entropy balance:

Δ

We can stand the universe as the surroundings so the equals the outside air temperature. Then, we must compute both the water's and ice's released heat due to their interaction with the "hot" air:

Finally, we obtain the change (increasing) in the entropy of the universe as follows:

Δ

Δ

* All the data were extracted from Cengel's thermodynamics book.

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explanation:

let the different atoms be x and y. each with four protons and same mass will be represented as follows.

mass number is number of protons + number of neutrons.

            and  

since, it is given that one has a negative charge while the other is neutral. therefore, there will be increase in number of protons and the atom will be represented as follows.

according to periodic table, mass number of beryllium is 9 and it has atomic number 4 so, the atoms will be and .  

the protons and neutrons will be located inside the nucleus whereas the electrons will be revolving around the nucleus.