Many power plants produce energy by burning carbon‑based fuels, which also produces carbon dioxide. carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas, so over‑production can have negative effects on the environment. use enthalpy of formation data to calculate the number of moles of co₂(g) produced per megajoule of heat released from the combustion of each fuel under standard conditions (1 atm and 25 °c).a) coal c (s, graphite)b) natural gas, ch₄ (g)c) propane, c₃h₈ (g)d) octane, c₈h₁₈ (l) delta h f = -250 kj mol⁻¹

conduction is the transfer of thermal energy (heat in transfer) due to collisions between the molecules in the object. collisions between adjacent atoms and molecules transfer kinetic energy from the warmer to the cooler object. the objects must be in physical contact.

most historians agree that gabriel mouton, the vicar of st. paul’s church in lyons, france, is the “founding father” of the metric system. he proposed a decimal system of measurement in 1670. mouton based it on the length of one minute of arc of a great circle of the earth (now called a nautical mile, 1852 meters). he also proposed the swing-length of a pendulum with a frequency of one beat per second as the unit of length (about 25 cm). a pendulum beating with this length would have been fairly easy to produce, thus facilitating the widespread distribution of uniform standards. over the years, his work was revised, improved, and extended by a number of french scientists.

the political sponsor of weights and measures reform in the french revolutionary national assembly was the bishop of autun, better known as talleyrand. under his auspices, the french academy appointed several committees to carry out the work of developing a usable system of weights and measures for france. one of the committees recommended a decimalized measurement system based upon a length equal to one ten-millionth of the length of a quadrant of the earth’s meridian (i.e., one ten-millionth of the distance between the equator and the north pole).