Calculate the activity coefficients for the following conditions:

a. cu2+ in a 0.01 m nacl solution

b. k+in a 0.025m hcl solution

c. k+in a 0.02 k2so4 solution

For a: The activity coefficient of copper ions is 0.676

For b: The activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.851

For c: The activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.794

Explanation:

To calculate the activity coefficient of an ion, we use the equation given by Debye and Huckel, which is:

      ........(1)

where,

= activity coefficient of ion

= charge of the ion

= ionic strength of solution

= diameter of the ion in nm

To calculate the ionic strength, we use the equation:

       ......(2)

where,

= concentration of i-th ions

= charge of i-th ions

We are given:

0.01 M NaCl solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

Now, calculating the activity coefficient of ion in the solution by using equation 1:

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

Hence, the activity coefficient of copper ions is 0.676

We are given:

0.025 M HCl solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

Now, calculating the activity coefficient of ion in the solution by using equation 1:

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

Hence, the activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.851

We are given:

0.02 M solution:

Calculating the ionic strength by using equation 2:

Putting values in equation 2, we get:

Now, calculating the activity coefficient of ion in the solution by using equation 1:

Putting values in equation 1, we get:

Hence, the activity coefficient of potassium ions is 0.794

particle   p is an electron and particle q is a neutron

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