If we were to sum the concentration of each intermediate in the tca cycle, we could find the total concentration of carbon backbones in the tca cycle. some metabolic pathways lower the concentration of carbon backbones in the tca cycle since these reactions consume molecules like α-ketoglutarate and oxaloacetate, which are intermediates in the tca cycle. other metabolic pathways increase the concentration of tca cycle carbon backbones, since tca cycle intermediates are end products of those pathways. for each of the following reactions, would the concentration of carbon backbones in the tca cycle increase, decrease, or remain the same? label each reaction with its effect on the overall concentration of tca cycle intermediates.

alfred von schlieffen, german army chief of staff, was given instructions to devise a strategy that would be able to counter a joint attack. in december, 1905, he began circulating what later became known as the schlieffen plan. schlieffen argued that if war took place it was vital that france was speedily defeated.

14,16 18 reacts with group

definition

                    entropy is a measure of the randomness or the extent of disorder of a chemical process.

                      enthalpy is a measure of the heat change of a reaction occurring at a constant pressure.

measurement units:

                        entropy is measured in joule per kelvin (jk⁻¹)   whereas enthalpy is measured in joule per mole (jmol⁻¹)

requirements:

                            entropy has no requirements or limits, and its change is measured by the division between the heat change of the chemical process and the temperature.

                              in contrast, enthalpy can only be related to the heat change of the reaction under standard conditions.