3. how does temperature affect a football players performance?
independent variable: treformance
dependant variable:
constants:
hypothesis:

Hello!

3. How does temperature affect a football players performance?

Independent Variable: Temperature

Temperature is the independent variable because that is what you are testing.

Dependent Variable: Points scored in game

Since you are attempting to measure how well football players do in different climates, you must measure their scores.

Constants: Uniform, field played in, and ball used

If you use a different uniform, field, or ball, then the data is obviously going to be inconsistent.

Hypothesis: If football players are in colder climates, then they perform better during games.

This is quite self-explanatory: just use the latter data points to craft your hypothesis. Keep in mind that a hypothesis should NEVER be a question!

I hope I helped! :-)

1. the question asks the most appropriate, which seems to rule out "all of the above." your choice appears to be the correct one.

2. the protocol described is good for identifying correlation, but not cause and effect. for cause/effect, you need to devise a protocol that will assign the treatment (or not) to groups that have essentially the same "demographics" with respect to all the other variables. your choice regarding control group seems appropriate. random assignment of treatment (choice d) may be appropriate also. (i think you can argue that b and d are just different descriptions of the same method.)

3. d will randomize the birds, but may not guarantee there are 10 in each group. e will do both, so seems the better choice.

comment on question 2

based on the problem statement, it seems clear that confident, attentive drivers are more likely to use daytime running lights. so, the protocol might need to be devised in such a way that the lights would be turned on or off without the driver's knowledge. (an attentive driver will figure it out.) assigning a confident, attentive driver to a group required to drive without running lights might mess with his/her confidence and attentiveness. you don't want your experiment to do that. (nor do you want the experiment to subject a driver to greater risk of accident as a consequence of driving without running lights.) experiments involving human safety are always problematic.