Which of the following statements concerning the attraction of ions to polar molecules is/are correct? 1. the force of attraction between an ion and a polar molecule is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between the center of the ion and the oppositely charged pole of the dipole. 2. the higher the ion charge, the stronger the attraction between the ion and a polar molecule. 3. the greater the magnitude of the dipole, the greater the attraction between the ion and a polar molecule.

1, 2 and 3 are correct.

Explanation:

The force of the attraction is calculated by Coulomb's law as:

Where,  

K is the Coulomb's constant having value 9×10⁹ N. m²/C²

are the charges on the dipole and ion respectively.

d is the distance between them.

Since F is inversely proportional to square of distance between them, so statement 1 is true.

F is directly proportional to the charge , so on increasing charge, force of attraction increases. Hence, statement 2 is true.

The greater the magnitude of the dipole means the greater the charge on dipole. Hence, statement 3 is also true.

c. heat could easily travel through the molecules in the air and escape/enter the flask. removing the air slows down the heat transfer.  

a:

by the combination of an unlimited number of elements