Five million gallons per day (mgd) of wastewater, with a concentration of 10.0 mg/l of a conservative pollutant, is released into a stream having an upstream flow of 10 mgd and pollutant concentration of 3.0 mg/l. (a) what is the concentration in ppm just downstream? (b) how many pounds of substance per day pass a given spot downstream? (you may want the conversions 3.785 l/gal and 2.2 kg/lbm from appendix a.)

a) The concentration in ppm (mg/L) is 5.3 downstream the release point.  

b) Per day pass 137.6 pounds of pollutant.  

Explanation:

The first step is to convert Million Gallons per Day (MGD) to Liters per day (L/d). In that sense, it is possible to calculate with data given previously in the problem.  

Million Gallons per day

We have one flow of wastewater released into a stream.  

First flow is F1 =5 MGD with a concentration of C1 =10.0 mg/L.

Second flow is F2 =10 MGD with a concentration of C2 =3.0 mg/L.  

After both of them are mixed, the final concentration will be between 3.0 and 10.0 mg/L. To calculate the final concentration, we can calculate the mass of pollutant in total, adding first and Second flow pollutant, and dividing in total flow. Total flow is the sum of first and second flow. It is shown in the following expression:  

Replacing every value in L/d and mg/L

a) So, the concentration just downstream of the release point will be 5.3 mg/L it means 5.3 ppm.

Finally, we have to calculate the pounds of substance per day (Mp).  

We have the total flow F3 = F1 + F2 and the final concentration . It is required to calculate per day, let's take a time of t = 1 day.  

After that, mg are converted to pounds.  

b) A total of 137.6 pounds pass a given spot downstream per day.

answer : one can design an experiment using a liquid and an additive that can be added to the liquid and observe the chemical changes in the reaction species.

one would need a beaker which is filled with a known amount of the liquid in which thermometer is placed to measure the temperature changes; after addition of the additive to the liquid solution one can note down the temperature change and find whether the reaction is endothermic or exothermic in nature. by subtracting the initial temperature value with the final temperature one can find the temperature changes.

various combinations of liquid and additive can be used. liquid in this case can be a known quantity of water and additives can be epsom salt or without epsom salt the experiment can be conducted to notice the changes. water and ice, hydrogen peroxide and dry yeast, vinegar and baking soda,etc.