Caffeine, a stimulant found in coffee, tea, and certain soft drinks, contains c, h, o, and n. combustion of 1.000 mg of caffeine produces 1.813 mg co2, 0.4639 mg h2o, and 0.2885 mg n2. estimate the molar mass of caffeine, which lies between 150 and 200 g/mol.

Explanation:

1) Content of C:

All the C atoms in the 1.000 mg of caffeine will be found in the 1.813 mg of CO₂.

       Since the atomic mass of C is 12.01 g/mol and the molar of of CO₂ is 44.01, there are 12 mg of C in 44 mg of CO₂ and you can set the proporton:

       12.01 mg C / 44.01 mg CO₂ = x / 1.813 g CO₂

        ⇒ x = 1.813 × 12.01 / 44.01 g of C = 0.49475 mg of C

      number of moles = mass in g / atomic mass = 0.49475×10⁻³ g / 12.01 g/mol = 4.1195×10⁻⁵ moles = 0.041195 milimol

2) Content of H

All the H atoms in the 1.000 mg of caffeine will be found in the 0.4639 mg of H₂O

       Since the atomic mass of H is 1.008 g/mol and the molar of of H₂O is 18.015 g/mol, there are 2×1.008 mg of H in 18.015 mg of H₂O and you can set the proporton:

       2×1.008 mg H / 18.015 mg H₂O = x / 0.4639 mg H₂O

        ⇒ x = 0.4639 mg H₂O × 2 × 1.008 mg H / 18.015 mg H₂O = 0.051913 mg H

      number of moles = mass in g / atomic mass = 0.051913 ×10⁻³ g / 1.008 g/mol = 5.1501× 10⁻⁵ moles = 0.051501 milimol

3) Content of N

All the N atoms in the 1.000 mg of caffeine will be found in the 0.2885 mg of N₂

      number of moles = mass in g / atomic mass = 0.2885 ×10⁻³ g / 14.007 g/mol = 2.0597× 10⁻⁵ moles = 0.020597 milimol

4) Content of O

The mass of O is calculated by difference:

       Mass of O = 1.000 mg - 0.49475 mg C - 0.051913 mg H - 0.2885 mg N

     Mass of O = 0.1648 mg

5) Ratios

Divide every number of mililmoles by the smallest number of milimoles:

6) Empirical formula:

7) Calculate the approximate mass of the empirical formula:

So, since that number is not between 150 and 200 g/mol, multiply by 2: 97 × 2 = 194, which is between 150 and 200.

Thus, the estimate is 194 g/mol

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