Summarize the physical and chemical properties of the element you selected. in the lesson, many models were used to depict the atom. how did these models you understand atomic structure? how do protons, neutrons, and electrons differ in terms of their electrical charges and locations within the atom? describe the four fundamental forces. which of these forces are involved in chemical bonding?

Explanation:

Summarize the physical and chemical properties of the element you selected. In the lesson, many models were used to depict the atom:

Physical properties of an element or substance describes everything about it when no change is occuring to its constituents. We observe such features with our sense, instruments or certain apparatus. Examples arre colour, odour, state of matter, texture, hardness.

Chemical properties are properties which originates from the reaction of a substance with another. Examples are flammability, rusting of iron, precipitation etc.

In the lesson, many models were used to depict the atom. How did these models help you understand atomic structure?

The different models of the atom helps to have a proper view about the smallest substance known. From the simple atomic model proposed by the Greek, to the works of John Dalton, through the plum pudding model and the Bohr's model of the atom, one can only better percieve the make up of an atom and how to properly understand the nature of interactions they can be involved in.

How do protons, neutrons, and electrons differ in terms of their electrical charges and locations within the atom?

In terms of electrical charges, protons are positively charged subatomic particles. Electrons are negatively charged particles in an atom. Neutrons carry no charges.

Atoms have a dense and small nucleus which consists of protons and neutrons in their central region. The electrons orbits the nucleus round about. Electrons occupy more space than protons and neutrons.

Describe the four fundamental forces.

The four fundamental forces are:

Strong nuclear forces are by far the strongest of all forces and they are responsible for holding the nucleons together in an atom.

Weak nuclear forces are those expressed during the radioactive decay of an atom.

Electromagnetic forces results from electrostatic forces between bodies. They result from electric charges between bodies.

Gravitational forces are forces of attraction between bodies in the universe. They are weak forces.

Which of these forces are involved in chemical bonding?

The electromagnetic forces causes chemical bonding. The loss and gain of electrons between atoms causes the attraction for the bonds to occur.

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Explanation:

pre-sliced bread is a relatively recent development in baking technology. previous to that, it was always sold in a bakery in daily-made contiguous loaves with no wrapping, and was moderately perishable, usually being used with a day or two (which is why every bakery had a discounted “day-old” bread table.) therefore, pre-sliced bread would grow stale quickly. the hard crust provided a protective layer, and once the exposed dry slice left from the previous cut was removed, the interior was still soft.

what keeps bread soft is the moisture retained in the crumb (the light spongy part that’s not crust). the reason the crust develops is the surface of the dough gets exposed to hot dry air during baking which browns the outer layer and seals it, preventing all the moisture from escaping the dough. longer exposure to air will also eventually cause your bread to lose flavor and become stale.

people were used to cutting slices as they needed them and storing bread in a specially-made wooden or metal breadbox or pail with a lid to preserve it longer, but the first automatically sliced commercial loaves were produced on july 6, 1928, in chillicothe, missouri, using a machine invented by otto rohwedder, an iowa-born, missouri-based jeweler.[1] pre-sliced bread would indeed dry out, were it not for another 20th century technology: the plastic bag. bread could now be pre-sliced, and if the enclosing bag remains sealed as much as possible, the bread will remain soft and fresh for longer than if sitting unwrapped on a shelf or enclosed in a bread box that is not air-tight. sealed packaging meant bread could also be sold on store shelves and eliminate frequent trips to a bakery.

sealing bread in a plastic bag had another effect: the moisture in the loaf will re-distribute into the crust and soften it, which is sometimes more pleasing in a sandwich - especially for children whose teeth might not yet be strong enough to tear through a hard crust. a homemade loaf of bread can be sealed in a bag overnight and the crust will become soft like store-bought sandwich bread.

these were novel changes in how bread was produced and sold, which led to the coining of the phrase “the greatest thing since sliced bread.”