Of the following equilibria, only will shift to the left in response to a decrease in volume. a) 4 fe (s) 3 o2 (g) 2 fe2o3 (s) b) h2 (g) cl2 (g) 2 hcl (g) c) 2hi (g) h2 (g) i2 (g) d) 2 so3 (g) 2 so2 (g) o2 (g) e) n2 (g) 3 h2 (g) 2 nh3 (g)

D

Explanation:

The direction of the reaction by changing the concentration can be determined by Le Chatelier's principle,  

It states that ,  

When a reaction is at equilibrium , Changing the concentration , pressure,  temperature disturbs the equilibrium , and the reaction again tries to attain equilibrium by counteracting the change.

According to Le Chatelier's principle,

If the pressure is increased , the equilibrium of the reaction is disturbed , so, the reaction will move in order to decrease the pressure.

The molecules of gas are responsible for pressure ,  So,  To decrease the pressure reaction will go towards the side with less number of gaseous molecules.

Effect of change in volume -

Pressure and volume of the system are inversely proportional to each other. So if the volume of the system is decreased, the pressure of the system will increase and hence, equilibrium of the system will be disturbed. In order to attain equilibrium again, system will move towards the side having less no. of gaseous molecules to decrease pressure.

A)

Gaseous molecules on right side = 0

Gaseous molecules on left side = 1

Gaseous molecules on right side  < Gaseous molecules on left side, the equilibrium will shift right.

B)

Gaseous molecules on right side = 2

Gaseous molecules on left side = 2

Gaseous molecules on right side  = Gaseous molecules on left side, the equilibrium will not be attained.

C)

Gaseous molecules on right side = 2

Gaseous molecules on left side = 2

Gaseous molecules on right side  = Gaseous molecules on left side, the equilibrium will not be attained.

D)

Gaseous molecules on right side = 3

Gaseous molecules on left side = 2

Gaseous molecules on right side  > Gaseous molecules on left side, the equilibrium will shift left.

E)

Gaseous molecules on right side = 2

Gaseous molecules on left side = 4

Gaseous molecules on right side  < Gaseous molecules on left side, the equilibrium will shift right.

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