While you are using a battery, the cell reaction is going a) forward, b) backward, c) at equilibrium, d) texasin all possible

Cell reaction is going forward.

Explanation:

For any chemical reaction to be spontaneous or to move in forward direction the ΔG ,the Gibbs free energy must be negative.

The cell potential of a battery is positive for a spontaneous reaction, so for a battery to give output its cell potential must be positive.

Thermodynamics and electro-chemistry are related in the following manner:

ΔG=-nFE

n=number of electrons involved

F=Faradays constant

E=cell pottential of battery

so from the above equation ΔG would only be negative when E cell that is the cell potential is positive.

For a battery which is being used its cell potential is positive and hence the ΔG would be negative. So the cell reaction occurring would be in forward direction as ΔG is negative.

when the cell potential Ecell is 0 then ΔG is also zero then the reaction occurring in battery would be at equilibrium.

When the cell potential Ecell is - then ΔG is positive and the reaction would be occurring backwards.

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.

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