Chemistry, 22.06.2019 18:40 bananaslada

What is the binding energy of a nucleus that has a mass defect of 5.8110-^29 kg a 5.2310-^12 j b 3.15* 10^12 j c 1.5710-3 j d 9.4410^20 j

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Answer from: annapittbull12

Choice A: Approximately $5.23 \times 10^{-29}$ joules.

Explanation:

Apply the famous mass-energy equivalence equation to find the energy that correspond to the $\rm 5.81\times 10^{-29}$ kilograms of mass.

$E = m \cdot c^{2}$ ,

where

stands for energy,

stands for mass, and

is the speed of light in vacuum.

The speed of light in vacuum is a constant. However, finding the right units for this value can simplify the calculations a lot. What should be the unit of ?

The mass given is in the appropriate SI unit:

Mass is in kilograms.

Thus, proceed with the speed of light in SI units. The SI unit for speed is meters per second. For the speed of light, $c \approx \rm 3.00\times 10^{8}\;m\cdot s^{-1}$ .

Apply the mass-energy equivalence:

$\begin{aligned} E &= m \cdot c^{2} \\ &= \rm 5.81\times 10^{-29}\; kg \times {\left(3.00\times 10^{8}\; m\cdot s^{-1}\right)}^{2}\\ &\approx \rm 5.23\times 10^{-12}\;kg\cdot m^{2}\cdot s^{-2} \end{aligned}$ .

The unit of energy is not in joules. Don't be alerted. Consider the definition of a joule of energy. One joule is the work done on an object when a force of one newton acts on the object in the direction of the force through the distance of one meter. (English Wikipedia.)

$\rm 1\; J = 1\; N \times 1\; m$ .

However, a force of one newton is defined as the force required to accelerated an object with a mass of one kilogram (not gram) at a rate of one meter per second squared. (English Wikipedia.)

$\begin{aligned}\rm 1\; J &= \rm 1\; N \times 1\; m\\ & = \rm \left(1\; kg\times 1\; m\cdot s^{-2}\right)\times 1\; m\\ &= \rm 1\; kg \cdot m^{2}\cdot s^{-2}\end{aligned}$ .

In other words, the mass defect here is also $\rm 5.23\times 10^{-12}\; J$ .

Answer from: Quest

pre-sliced bread is a relatively recent development in baking technology. previous to that, it was always sold in a bakery in daily-made contiguous loaves with no wrapping, and was moderately perishable, usually being used with a day or two (which is why every bakery had a discounted “day-old” bread table.) therefore, pre-sliced bread would grow stale quickly. the hard crust provided a protective layer, and once the exposed dry slice left from the previous cut was removed, the interior was still soft.

what keeps bread soft is the moisture retained in the crumb (the light spongy part that’s not crust). the reason the crust develops is the surface of the dough gets exposed to hot dry air during baking which browns the outer layer and seals it, preventing all the moisture from escaping the dough. longer exposure to air will also eventually cause your bread to lose flavor and become stale.

people were used to cutting slices as they needed them and storing bread in a specially-made wooden or metal breadbox or pail with a lid to preserve it longer, but the first automatically sliced commercial loaves were produced on july 6, 1928, in chillicothe, missouri, using a machine invented by otto rohwedder, an iowa-born, missouri-based jeweler.[1] pre-sliced bread would indeed dry out, were it not for another 20th century technology: the plastic bag. bread could now be pre-sliced, and if the enclosing bag remains sealed as much as possible, the bread will remain soft and fresh for longer than if sitting unwrapped on a shelf or enclosed in a bread box that is not air-tight. sealed packaging meant bread could also be sold on store shelves and eliminate frequent trips to a bakery.

sealing bread in a plastic bag had another effect: the moisture in the loaf will re-distribute into the crust and soften it, which is sometimes more pleasing in a sandwich - especially for children whose teeth might not yet be strong enough to tear through a hard crust. a homemade loaf of bread can be sealed in a bag overnight and the crust will become soft like store-bought sandwich bread.

these were novel changes in how bread was produced and sold, which led to the coining of the phrase “the greatest thing since sliced bread.”

Answer from: Quest

They can measure the amount of energy gained or lost

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