From the values of δh and δs, predict which of the following reactions would be spontaneous at 28°c: reaction a: δh = 10.5 kj/mol, δs = 30.0 j/k·mol; spontaneous nonspontaneous impossible to tell reaction b: δh = 1.8 kj/mol, δs = −113 j/k · mol, spontaneous nonspontaneous impossible to tell if either of the reactions is nonspontaneous, can it(they) become spontaneous? yes, reaction a can become spontaneous yes, reaction b can become spontaneous yes, both reactions can become spontaneous no, neither reaction can become spontaneous if either of the reactions is nonspontaneous but can become spontaneous, at what temperature might it become spontaneous? °c

Reaction A is nonspontaneous and it can become spontaneous above 77°C.

Reaction B is nonspontaneous and it cannot become spontaneous.

Explanation:

To determine if a reaction is spontaneous, we need to consider the Gibbs free energy (ΔG).

ΔG can be calculated using the following expression.

ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS

where,

ΔH: enthalpy of reaction

T: absolute temperature

ΔS: entropy of reaction

From the values of ΔH and ΔS, predict which of the following reactions would be spontaneous at 28°C (301 K):

Reaction A: ΔH = 10.5 kJ/mol, ΔS = 30.0 J/K·mol;

ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS = 10.5 × 10³ J/mol - 301K . 30.0 J/K.mol = 1470 J/mol

Since ΔG > 0, the reaction is nonspontaneous.

It can become spontaneous when ΔG < 0,

ΔH - T.ΔS < 0

ΔH < T.ΔS

T > ΔH / ΔS = (10.5 × 10³ J/mol)/(30.0 J/K.mol) = 350 K

The reaction will become spontaneous above 350 K (77 °C)

Reaction B: ΔH = 1.8 kJ/mol, ΔS = −113 J/K · mol

ΔG = ΔH - T.ΔS = 1.8 × 10³ J/mol - 301K . (-113 J/K.mol) = 3.58 × 10⁴ J/mol

Since ΔG > 0, the reaction is nonspontaneous.

Under no conditions can ΔG be negative, so the reaction cannot be spontaneous.

explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.

d: the voltage of the secondary coil is less than that of the primary coil.

im not suree sorry if wrong