A15.6 grams of ethanol absorb 868 j as it is heated. the initial temperature is 21.5 degrees celsius. what is the final temperature if the specific heat of ethanol is 2.41 joules/ grams celsius?

You have to use the equation q=mcΔT and solve for T(final).  
T(final)=(q/mc)+T(initial)
q=the amount of energy absorbed or released (in this case 868J)
m=the mass of the sample (in this case 15.6g)
c= the specific heat capacity of the substance (in this case 2.41 J/g°C)
T(initial)=the initial temperature of the sample (in this case 21.5°C)

When you plug everything in, you should get 44.6°C.
Therefore the final temperature of ethanol is 44.6°C

I hope this helps.  Let me know if anything is unclear.

It shows that the experiment is designed properly.