In an experiment, sulfuric acid reacted with different volumes of sodium thiosulfate in water. a yellow precipitate was formed during the reaction. a cross drawn at the base of each flask became gradually invisible due the formation of this yellow precipitate. the time taken for the cross to become invisible was recorded. a partial record of the experiment is shown.

experimental record

flask volume of

h2so4 volume of

sodium thiosulfate volume of

water time

1 5 ml 50 ml 0 ml 19 seconds

2 5 ml 40 ml 10 ml

3 5 ml 30 ml 20 ml

4 5 ml 20 ml 30 ml

based on your knowledge of factors that affect the rates of chemical reactions, predict the trend in the last column of the experimental record. use complete sentences to explain the trend you predicted. you do not have to determine exact values for time; just describe the trend you would expect (increase or decrease) and why it occurs.

The time needed for the reaction will increase.

Explanation:

Rate of chemical reaction α [reactants].

∴ Rate of the reaction = k[H₂SO₄][thiosulfate].

where, k is the rate constant of the reaction.

Rate α [thiosulfate]

Rate of the reaction = - Δ[thiosulfate]/Δt.

∴ The time needed for the reaction will increase from flask 1 to flask 5.

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explanation:

metals have excess of electrons whereas non-metals have deficiency of electrons. thus, in order to gain stability metals easily donate their electrons to the non-metals.

for example, electronic configuration of sodium is and electronic configuration of phosphorous is .

when a phosphorous atom and sodium atom combine together then sodium will donate is extra one electron to the phosphorous atom. as a result there will be formation of ionic bond between sodium and phosphorous.

the reaction will be as follows.

there, are three sodium sodium atoms and each of them will donate its one extra electron to phosphorous atom. thus, the sub-shell of phosphorous gets completely filled.  

thus, we can conclude that electrons are transferred from atoms of sodium to atoms of phosphorous. this transfer makes the sodium atoms donate one electron and the phosphorous atoms to gain one electron. as a result, the sodium and phosphorus atoms strongly attract each other.