Josh did an experiment recording the changes in temperature in sand and water when exposed to a light source, and then when the light source was removed. josh noticed that the sand heated up faster than the water and then cools faster than the water. josh concludes that

a) sand is the better insulator.

b) water is the better conductor.

c) water is the better insulator.

d) sand has a higher heat capacity.

Option (C) is the correct answer.

Explanation:

Heat capacity is defined as the heat amount required to raise one degree temperature of a system.

Heat capacity of water is 4.184 J and heat capacity of sand is 0.290 J. So, less is the value of heat capacity of a substance more is the amount of heat absorbed by it.

Whereas substances which are able to conduct heat and electricity efficiently are known as conductors. The substances which are not able to efficiently conduct heat and electricity are known as insulators.

Therefore, water is a better insulator as compared to sand as it does not heat readily.

Thus, Josh concludes that water is the better insulator, is true.

according to kinetic-molecular theory, the following would not be considered an ideal gas:

a gas at very low volumes, when gas particles are very close together

a gas at very low temperatures, when gas particles have very little kinetic energy a gas

a gas with highly polar molecules that have very strong intermolecular forces

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substituting a hydrogen atom with a halogen in a hydrocarbon:

- the single bond remains single. a is wrong.

- the bond with hydrogen is as strong as with a halogen. c is wrong

- a hydrocarbon is saturated if there is no double bond. we do not know that so d is wrong.

- carbon will always have four valence electrons. e is wrong.

by elimination, the correct answer is b. the boiling point of the new compound increases.