What is the direction and magnitude of the net dipole of h2o

1.84 D, pointing to the O atom from the midpoint of the line joining the two H nuclei.

Step-by-step explanation:

(1) Direction

O is more electronegative than H, so an O_H bond dipole points from H to O along the bond axis.

There are two O-H bonds, so the net dipole points to the O atom from the midpoint of the line joining the two H nuclei (see diagram).

(2) Magnitude

The net dipole moment of water is the vector sum of the two O-H bond dipoles (1.50 D).

Consider the contribution from one O-H bond dipole.

The H-O-H bond angle of water is 104.5°.

Half that value is 52.25 °.

µ = 1.50(cos52.25°) = 1.50 × 0.6122 = 0.918

There are two bond dipoles, so the net molecular dipole is

µ = 2 × 0.918 D = 1.84 D

since the atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus, as we move to the left on the periodic table, the electrostatic pull between the nucleus and the valence electron shell decreases. as we move down a group (vertical column), the valence shell energy level gets further and further from the nucleus.