Name the element that has a full s and p orbital in the second period.

Neon

Explanation: The second period involves elements with n =2 i.e. the elements have electrons in second shell. The element with filled s and p orbitals will have outer electronic configuration

Thus the element with filled orbital will be a noble gas. It will have total of 10 electrons and the element will be neon with complete outer electronic configuration will be:

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.