Chemistry, 01.09.2019 00:50 kiah25

The basic points in lewis and langmuir theory of electrovalency

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The correct answer for the question that is being presented above is this one: "Electrovalency is characterized with the transferring of one or more electrons from one atom to another together with the formation of ions and as well as the number of positive and negative charges.

The Lewis and Langmuir theory of electrovalency (and as well as Kossel's) is dealing with Ionic bonds.

Lewis: electron-pair sharing, octet rule, Lewis Symbols or StructureLangmuir: introduced term "covalent" bond, and popularized Lewis's ideas

The Lewis-Langmuir electron-pair or covalent bond is referred as the homopolar bond, where the complete transfer of electrons give rise to ionic, or electrovalent bond (1) through attraction of opposite charges.

Answer from: Quest

assuming that your periodic table has eighteen columns, you should highlight the four elements in the third column from the left of the table.

explanation

neutral atoms of elements after calcium contain d electrons. the energy of d orbitals of a particular main shell lies between the energy of the s and p orbitals of the next main shell. for example, electrons in the $3d$ have energy higher than those in the $4 s$ orbital while lower than those of the $4 p$ orbital.

by the aufbau principle, electrons fill orbitals one at a time, starting from those of the lowest energy. the $4s$ orbital is therefore filled right after $3p$ orbitals and before $3 d$ orbitals.

potassium has electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{1}$ and calcium $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2}$ . the s orbital of a main shell holds a maximum of two electrons. the next element would thus have the electron configuration $[\text{ar}] 4 s^{2} \; 3d^{1}$ and satisfy the requirements.

a neutral atom of the element contains three electrons on top of the most recent noble gas element. it should thus be placed in the third column of the periodic table. both scandium and yttrium would satisfy the conditions. an aufbau diagram indicates that the 4f orbital is filled before the 5d. however, it appears that exceptions exists for both lanthanum and actinium. neutral atoms of the two d-block elements also demonstrate the $ns^{2} \; (n-1) p^{1}$ and should be highlighted as well.

Answer from: Quest

No table found. the question asks for covalent bond based on electronegativies

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