Ions that consist of a single atom are called ions

Can someone me with questions 12 and 13 plz.

In vapor-liquid equilibrium in a binary mixture, both components are generally present in both phases. how many degrees of freedom are there for such a system? the reaction between nitrogen and hydrogen to form ammonia occurs in the gas phase. how many degrees of freedom are there for this system? steam and coal react at high temperatures to form hydrogen, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and methane. the following reactions have been suggested as being involved in the chemical transformation:

Kp is the equilibrium constant for dissociation of the propionic acid dimer. what is the sign of the slope for a plot of the natural logarithm of kp vs. inverse temperature for this reaction?