What is the difference between boyle temperature and critical temperature?

What are the primary responsibilities of a chemical engineer involved in "r& d"? develop large scale manufacturing operations discover new products and processes training of new chemists determine products needed by consumers

1)each group 16 element has how many valence electrons? ( )4 ( )6 ( )8 ( )16 2)how many dots appear in the dot structure for calcium ion, ca2+? ( )zero ( )one ( )two ( )eight 3) which of the following atoms forms a cation to obtain an octet of outer shell electrons? ( )magnesium ( )oxygen ( )fluorine ( )helium 4) an al3+ ion contains 13 protons and 10 electrons. ( )true ( )false 5) valence and non-valence electrons are represented in lewis dot structures. ( )true ( )false

Significant figures are digits read directly from the measuring instrument plus one more digit, which is __ by the observer.