Plsss how do anion formation and valence electrons relate? a) atoms gain valence electrons to form anions. b) atoms yield valence electrons to form anions. c) atoms donate valence electrons to form anions. d) atoms relinquish valence electrons to form anions. vanadium has two naturally occuring isotopes - vanadium-50 and vanadium-51. predict the isotopic mass of vanadium-50 given that vanadium-50 has an abundance of 0.250% and that vanadium-51 has an abundance of 99.750% and a mass of 50.944 amu. a) 49.944 amu b) 62.558 amu c) 63.303 amu d) 5094.151 amu scientists use the emission spectra of elements to detect a) explosives in luggage. b) cracks in support structures, like bridges. c) the possibility of an earthquake occurrence. d) elements in clouds of gas and dust in deep space stars, such as our sun, use fusion to combine hydrogen atoms into helium atoms, and in the process, create energy. as massive stars use the last of their helium fuel, they begin to collapse and temperatures climb high enough to fuse other heavier elements. as elements increase in atomic number, the amount of energy required for fusion to occur also increases. nickel represents the heaviest element that can be produced by fusion due to to the net energy requirements. two atoms of could combine by fusion in order to create nickel. a) hydrogen b) nitrogen c) oxygen d) silicon