Acertain atom has 22 protons and 19 electrons. this atom loses an electron. the net charge on the atom is now . if this same atom with 22 protons and 19 electrons were to gain 3 electrons, the net charge on the atom would be .

1) p⁺ = 22; number of protons.

e⁻ = 19 - 1 = 18; number of electrons.

Net charge is +4, because atom has 4 protons more than electrons.

Proton is a subatomic particle with a positive electric charge of +1e elementary charge.

2) p⁺ = 22; number of protons.

e⁻ = 19 + 3 = 22; number of electrons.

Net charge is 0 (neutral charge), because atom has same number of protons and electrons.

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the density of gold = 19.3 g/cm3

the relation between density and mass and volume is

density = mass / volume

given :

mass of gold = 13 g

density = 13g / volume = 19.3

volume = 13 /19.3 = 0.67 cm^3

thus volume of gold nugget = 0.67 cm^3