What is the biological advantage (in kj per mole of energy released as heat) of complete aerobic oxidation compared with anaerobic glycolysis of lactic acid?

Aerobic respiration is the reaction of the compound or reactant in presence of oxygen whereas anaerobic respiration indicates the non availability of oxygen.

Aerobic respiration, responsible for the production of ATP slowly. It helps in breaking glucose molecule to , and result in production of 38 ATP.  

Whereas, anaerobic respiration break glucose molecule into two molecule of pyruvate. Glycolysis  only releases two ATP per glucose. The anaerobic process occurs rapidly such as it lets the tissues and muscles to receive the energy for short durational activity.

This increase in production of energy explains the reason for domination of aerobic organisms on earth which helps in organisms to grow in size with multicellular system and great diversity

it can be observed without changing the identity of the object.

it depends on what substance you're talking about as well as many other factors. in quantum mechanics, the observation of particles affects the observers ability to measure certain properties. for example: you can know the velocity of a particle, but you can't know it's position; or you can know it's position, but not it's velocity. it's like trying to find out where a grain of sand is by throwing other grains of sand at it. once you find out where it is, it's been moved. it's also like trying to find an answer to the question of whether or not a tree falling in a forest makes a sound if nobody is there to hear it. paradoxically, the only way to find out is to be there and hear it.