Design a synthesis of 2-chloro-4-nitroanisole from benzene or any mono-substituted benzene. choose the best option for the immediate precursor to the target molecule.

The reaction starts with Anisole which is ortho-para directing group. So reacting anisole with Con H2SO4 and con HNO3 gives paranitro anisole.

Now paranitro anisole is a meta directing group and having low electron density in meta position which on reacting with Cl2 and anh AlCl3 directs the chlorine to meta position of nitro group and results in formation of the product 2-chloro-4-nitroanisole.

Thus, the product is 2-chloro-4-nitroanisole

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when the volume of gas is   changed from   717.73 ml   to 852 ml   the temperature will   change   from 315   c to 452   c

    calculation

this is calculated using the charles law formula

that is,   v1/t1 = v2/t2

          v1=?

        t1 = 315 c   into   kelvin = 315 +273 = 588 k

        v2 = 852   ml

        t2 = 425c + 273 =698 k

make v1   the subject of the formula ( by   multiplying both side by t1)

  v1=( v2 xt1) / t2

v1= (852 ml   x 588 k)/ 698 k= 717.73 ml