In referring to "the type of fiscal policy changes in question," the author recognizes that a. contractionary fiscal policy is different from expansionary fiscal policy. b. the tax multiplier is different from the government purchases multiplier. c. discretionary fiscal policy is different from automatic stabilizers. d. local government spending changes are different from federal government spending changes.

Arguments made against free trade include all of the following exceptdumping is an unfair trade practice that puts domestic producers of substitute goods at a disadvantage that they should be protected against.national defense considerations justify producing certain goods domestically whether the country has a comparative advantage in their production or not.free trade is inflationary and should be restricted in the domestic interest. if foreign governments subsidize their exports, foreign firms that export are given an unfair advantage that domestic producers should be protected against.infant industries should be protected from free trade so that they may have time to develop and compete on an even basis with older, more established foreign industries.