Which of the following is an advantage of incorporation?
a. limited access to capital
c. limited liability
b. unlimited liability
d. short life of the company

Arriving and delivering a load of company executives for a business meeting at a destination far from home base requiring an overnight stay, a company’s pilot requested approval from the company finance office to pay to either have the company’s jet brought into the fbo's hangar overnight to protect it from a forecast snowfall or to have it de-iced by the fbo the following morning well-before scheduled departure. the company was under considerable financial pressure at the time, and the pilot’s requests were denied because of the cost. so, early the following morning, the pilot was up on the wing of the jet sweeping off an accumulation of snow and ice with a borrowed push broom in preparation for the scheduled departure with the executives, but slipped and fell to the ground, suffering a broken neck. the business was organized as a limited partnership, owned by 3 limited partners and one general partner. as a cost-saving measure, the company had dropped its workers’ compensation insurance before the accident. analyze the potential liability for the pilot’s injuries of each of the following, showing your reasoning clearly: the company the general partner the limited partners analyze how the outcome would have been different, if the business had been organized as a corporation and observed all of the formalities to legitimize its corporate status. analyze how the outcome would have been different, if the pilot had been covered by workers’ compensation insurance.

Shrieves casting company is considering adding a new line to its product mix, and the capital budgeting analysis is being conducted by sidney johnson, a recently graduated mba. the production line would be set up in unused space in the main plant. the machinery’s invoice price would be approximately $200,000, another $10,000 in shipping charges would be required, and it would cost an additional $30,000 to install the equipment. the machinery has an economic life of 4 years, and shrieves has obtained a special tax ruling that places the equipment in the macrs 3-year class. the machinery is expected to have a salvage value of $25,000 after 4 years of use. the new line would generate incremental sales of 1,250 units per year for 4 years at an incremental cost of $100 per unit in the first year, excluding depreciation. each unit can be sold for $200 in the first year. the sales price and cost are both expected to increase by 3% per year due to inflation. further, to handle the new line, the firm’s net working capital would have to increase by an amount equal to 12% of sales revenues. the firm’s tax rate is 40%, and its overall weighted average cost of capital, which is the risk-adjusted cost of capital for an average project (r), is 10%. define “incremental cash flow.” (1) should you subtract interest expense or dividends when calculating project cash flow?

For 2016, gourmet kitchen products reported $22 million of sales and $19 million of operating costs (including depreciation). the company has $15 million of total invested capital. its after-tax cost of capital is 10%, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 36%. what was the firm’s economic value added (eva), that is, how much value did management add to stockholders’ wealth during 2016?