What type of depreciation occurs when an asset can no longer provide services at the level originally intended?

Firms like papa john’s, domino’s, and pizza hut sell pizza and other products that are differentiated in nature. while numerous pizza chains exist in most locations, the differentiated nature of these firms’ products permits them to charge prices above marginal cost. given these observations, is the pizza industry most likely a monopoly, perfectly competitive, monopolistically competitive, or an oligopoly industry?

If your company buys supplies from a company in a different state and sells your products to people within your city, what type of trade are you participating in? i

Acompany recently announced that it would be going public. the usual suspects, morgan stanley, jpmorgan chase, and goldman sachs will be the lead underwriters. the value of the company has been estimated to range from a low of $5billion to a high of $100billion, with $45billion being the most likely value. if there is a 20% chance that the price will be at the low end, a 10% chance that the price will be at the high end, and a 70% chance that the price will be in the middle, what value should the owner expect the company to price at?