Institutions specialize in raising money for governments and corporations by issuing securities.

Institutions specialize in raising money for governments and corporations by issuing securities. Investment institutions. Investment institutions offer shares or units of a company that allow the investor to buy a portion of the company and receive the benefits of its earnings or income. The institutional investor gathers money together to purchase securities or property/other investments to bring in extra funds.

The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.