Which of the following costs should be excluded from research and development expense? a. Acquisition of R&D equipment for use on a current project only
b. Cost of marketing research for a new product
c. Modification of the design of a product
d. Engineering activity required to advance the design of a product to the manufacturing stage

Compute the cost of not taking the following cash discounts. (use a 360-day year. do not round intermediate calculations. input your final answers as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)

M. cotteleer electronics supplies microcomputer circuitry to a company that incorporates microprocessors into refrigerators and other home appliances. one of the components has an annual demand of 235 units, and this is constant throughout the year. carrying cost is estimated to be $1.25 per unit per year, and the ordering (setup) cost is $21 per order. a) to minimize cost, how many units should be ordered each time an order is placed? b) how many orders per year are needed with the optimal policy? c) what is the average inventory if costs are minimized? d) suppose that the ordering cost is not $21, and cotteleer has been ordering 125 units each time an order is placed. for this order policy (of q = 125) to be optimal, determine what the ordering cost would have to be.

Suppose a country's productivity last year was 84. if this country's productivity growth rate of 5 percent is to be maintained, this means that this year's productivity will have to be: