Sapphire Electronics needs to borrow some money from its bank for a special short-term production run it is planning. The owners do not have any collateral, so they agree to use money owed from their customers as a substitute. This can best be described as an example of

Fortress international, a large conglomerate, procures a few component parts from external suppliers and also manufactures some of the key raw materials in its own subsidiaries. aside from this, the company does not solely depend on outside distributors to reach its customers. in fact, it has its own retail stores to distribute its products. in this scenario, which of the following alternatives to vertical integration is fortress international applying? a. concentric integration b. taper integration c. horizontal integration d. conglomerate integration