All revenue and expense accounts have been closed at the end of the calendar year for Patton Company. The Income Summary account has total debits of $530,000 and total credits of $600,000. As of the same date, Retained Earnings has a balance of $115,000, and the Dividends account has a balance of $48,000. Required:
a. Journalize the entries required to complete the closing of the accounts.
b. Prepare a retained earnings statement for the year ended December 31, 2015.

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The business cycle is the periodic but irregular up-and-down movement in economic activity, measured by fluctuations in real gross domestic product (gdp) and other macroeconomic variables. a business cycle is typically characterized by four phases—recession, recovery, growth, and decline—that repeat themselves over time. economists note, however, that complete business cycles vary in length. the duration of business cycles can be anywhere from about two to twelve years, with most cycles averaging six years in length. some business analysts use the business cycle model and terminology to study and explain fluctuations in business inventory and other individual elements of corporate operations. but the term "business cycle" is still primarily associated with larger (industry-wide, regional, national, or even international) business trends.

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