For each situation below, state whether it is an example of the income effect changing quantity demanded or an example of a change in income shifting demand. a. The mean income in Detroit rises and people purchase more homes.
b. The price of frozen pizza decreases, making frozen pizza more popular among college students.
c. A recession forces many people out of work and more people purchase ramen noodles than before.
d. An increase in the price of game consoles decreases sales, as fewer people can afford them.

What is the relationship between marginal external cost, marginal social cost, and marginal private cost? a. marginal social cost equals marginal private cost plus marginal external cost. b. marginal private cost plus marginal social cost equals marginal external cost. c. marginal social cost plus marginal external cost equals marginal private cost. d. marginal external cost equals marginal private cost minus marginal social cost. marginal external cost a. is expressed in dollars, so it is not an opportunity cost b. is an opportunity cost borne by someone other than the producer c. is equal to two times the marginal private cost d. is a convenient economics concept that is not real

Lindon company is the exclusive distributor for an automotive product that sells for $30.00 per unit and has a cm ratio of 30%. the company’s fixed expenses are $162,000 per year. the company plans to sell 20,200 units this year. required: 1. what are the variable expenses per unit? (round your "per unit" answer to 2 decimal places.) 2. what is the break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales? 3. what amount of unit sales and dollar sales is required to attain a target profit of $72,000 per year? 4. assume that by using a more efficient shipper, the company is able to reduce its variable expenses by $3.00 per unit. what is the company’s new break-even point in unit sales and in dollar sales? what dollar sales is required to attain a target profit of $72,000?

Examine the following book-value balance sheet for university products inc. the preferred stock currently sells for $30 per share and pays a dividend of $3 a share. the common stock sells for $16 per share and has a beta of 0.9. there are 2 million common shares outstanding. the market risk premium is 9%, the risk-free rate is 5%, and the firm’s tax rate is 40%. book-value balance sheet (figures in $ millions) assets liabilities and net worth cash and short-term securities $ 2.0 bonds, coupon = 6%, paid annually (maturity = 10 years, current yield to maturity = 8%) $ 5.0 accounts receivable 3.0 preferred stock (par value $15 per share) 3.0 inventories 7.0 common stock (par value $0.20) 0.4 plant and equipment 21.0 additional paid-in stockholders’ equity 13.6 retained earnings 11.0 total $ 33.0 total $ 33.0 a. what is the market debt-to-value ratio of the firm? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.) b. what is university’s wacc? (do not round intermediate calculations. enter your answer as a percent rounded to 2 decimal places.)