Assume a firm has a dividend payout ratio of 40 percent and the total earnings of this year is $10 million. How much is the retained earnings this year?.

Security a has a higher standard deviation of returns than security b. we would expect that: (i) security a would have a risk premium equal to security b. (ii) the likely range of returns for security a in any given year would be higher than the likely range of returns for security b. (iii) the sharpe ratio of a will be higher than the sharpe ratio of b. (a) i only (b) i and ii only (c) ii and iii only (d) i, ii and iii

Fortress international, a large conglomerate, procures a few component parts from external suppliers and also manufactures some of the key raw materials in its own subsidiaries. aside from this, the company does not solely depend on outside distributors to reach its customers. in fact, it has its own retail stores to distribute its products. in this scenario, which of the following alternatives to vertical integration is fortress international applying? a. concentric integration b. taper integration c. horizontal integration d. conglomerate integration

The quinoa seed is in high demand in wealthier countries such as the u.s. and japan. approximately 97% of all quinoa production comes from small farmers in bolivia and peru who farm at high elevations—8,000 feet or higher. the seed is considered highly nutritious. mostly grown and harvested in bolivia and peru, and sold to markets in other countries, the seed is now considered an important for these nations. the governments of bolivia and peru are hopeful that this product will increase the quality of life of their farmers.