Although for smokers the marginal benefit from smoking may exceed the marginal cost of smoking, the negative effects of second-hand smoke may increase the marginal costs of smoking to society to a point where it exceeds that marginal benefit to society. This is an example of:

Kelso electric is debating between a leveraged and an unleveraged capital structure. the all equity capital structure would consist of 40,000 shares of stock. the debt and equity option would consist of 25,000 shares of stock plus $280,000 of debt with an interest rate of 7 percent. what is the break-even level of earnings before interest and taxes between these two options?

Differentiate between the trait, behavioral, and results-based performance appraisal systems, providing an example where each would be most applicable.

Suppose a mutual fund qualifies as having moderate risk if the standard deviation of its monthly rate of return is less than 3%. a mutual-fund rating agency randomly selects 27 months and determines the rate of return for a certain fund. the standard deviation of the rate of return is computed to be 2.19%. is there sufficient evidence to conclude that the fund has moderate risk at the alpha equals 0.05 level of significance? a normal probability plot indicates that the monthly rates of return are normally distributed.