Air Tampa has just been incorporated, and its board of directors is grappling with the question of optimal capital structure. The company plans to offer commuter air services between Tampa and smaller surrounding cities. Jaxair has been around for a few years, and it has about the same basic business risk as Air Tampa would have. Jaxair's market-determined beta is 1.7, and it has a current market value debt ratio (total debt to total assets) of 50% and a federal-plus-state tax rate of 40%. Air Tampa expects to be only marginally profitable at start-up; hence its tax rate would only be 20%. Air Tampa's owners expect that the total book and market value of the firm's stock, if it uses zero debt, would be $9 million. Air Tampa's CFO believes that the MM and Hamada formulas for the value of a levered firm and the levered firm's cost of capital should be used because zero growth is expected. Required:
a. Estimate the beta of an unlevered firm in the commuter airline business based on Jaxair’s market-determined beta.
b. Now assume that rd= rRF = 10% and that the market risk premium RPM = 5%. Find the required rate of return on equity for an unlevered commuter airline.
c. Air Tampa is considering three capital structures: (1) $2 million debt, (2) $4 million debt, and (3) $6 million debt. Estimate Air Tampa’s rs for these debt levels.
d. Calculate Air Tampa’s rs at $6 million debt while assuming its federal-plus-state tax rate is now 40%. Compare this with your corresponding answer to part c. d.

Suppose that fizzo and pop hop are the only two firms that sell orange soda. the following payoff matrix shows the profit (in millions of dollars) each company will earn depending on whether or not it advertises: pop hopadvertise doesn’t advertisefizzo advertise 10, 10 18, 2doesn’t advertise 2, 18 11, 11for example, the upper right cell shows that if fizzo advertises and pop hop doesn't advertise, fizzo will make a profit of $18 million, and pop hop will make a profit of $2 million. assume this is a simultaneous game and that fizzo and pop hop are both profit-maximizing firms.if fizzo decides to advertise, it will earn a profit if pop hop advertises and a profit if pop hop does not advertise.if fizzo decides not to advertise, it will earn a profit if pop hop advertises and a profit if pop hop does not advertise.if pop hop advertises, fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses (not to advertise, to .if pop hop doesn't advertise, fizzo makes a higher profit if it chooses (not to advertise, to . suppose that both firms start off not advertising. if the firms act independently, what strategies will they end up choosing? fizzo will choose to advertise and pop hop will choose not to advertise.both firms will choose to advertise.fizzo will choose not to advertise and pop hop will choose to advertise.both firms will choose not to advertise.again, suppose that both firms start off not advertising. if the firms decide to collude, what strategies will they end up choosing? fizzo will choose not to advertise and pop hop will choose to advertise.both firms will choose not to advertise.fizzo will choose to advertise and pop hop will choose not to advertise.both firms will choose to advertise.