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What impact did the economic opportunities in pennsylvania and new york have on virginia? a. virginia planters started to migrate to new york. b. new yorkers began buying up cheap virginia real estate. c. virginians found themselves resorting increasingly to slavery. d. virginians loosened their slave laws to attract more migrants.

Prior to its closing, income summary had total debits of $1,190,500 and total credits of $1,476,300. what purpose is served by the income summary account and what is the nature of the entries that resulted in the $1,190,500 and the $1,476,300? the income summary account is used to the accounts. the $1,190,500 represents the , and the $1,476,300 represents . the company had of $ .

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine