If a company chooses to bypass middlemen or intermediaries with advertising messages and go directly to the consumer to stimulate demand, the company is using what is called a pull strategy with its advertising.

It would be choice b (randomly selected)

In line with other previous and contemporaneous proposals, in 1912 the meteorologist  alfred wegener  amply described what he called continental drift, expanded in his 1915 book the origin of continents and oceans and the scientific debate started that would end up fifty years later in the theory of plate tectonics.