Panther Co. had a quality-assurance warranty liability of $340,000 at the beginning of 2021 and $318,000 at the end of 2021. Warranty expense is based on 5% of sales, which were $50 million for the year. What amount of warranty costs were paid during 2021

Adrawback of short-term contracting as an alternative to making a component in-house is thata. it is the most-integrated alternative to performing an activity so the principal company has no control over the agent. b. the supplying firm has no incentive to make any transaction-specific investments to increase performance or quality. c. it fails to allow a long planning period that individual market transactions provide. d. the buying firm cannot demand lower prices due to the lack of a competitive bidding process.