Which of the following The holding-period return (HPR) on a share of stock is equal to(s) the level of real interest rates? I) The supply of savings by households and business firms II) The demand for investment funds III) The government's net supply and/or demand for funds

D. I, II, and III.

Explanation:

The demand for investment funds determines the demand for loanable funds and when this is higher than the supply, the rate increases. The reverse it true. It therefore affects real interest rates.

The savings of households and business firms are the source of loanable funds so if these are high relative to demand, the rate will decrease. The reverse is true.

Government demand for funds will increase interest rates as the supply will decrease when the government borrows massively. The reverse is true.

All three therefore impart real interest rates.

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