In 2009, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), a federal agency in the U. S. government updated their vehicle emissions standards (VES) to require all vehicle manufacturers selling passenger cars in the U. S. to reduce their emissions by 10 percent. In 2016, the California Air Resource Board (CARB), updated their standards to require manufacturers that wanted to sell cars in the state of California, reduce their emissions output by 22 percent. California sells nearly 1 million passenger vehicles per year. The next closest state is Florida, at just over 500,000. Michigan, which has been hoping to jumpstart its economy by re-opening car manufacturing plants and exporting the cars to California for sale, believes the new CARB law in California violates the Supremacy clause. If Michigan sues California in Federal court to have the law struck down, what result