Mccloe Corporation's balance sheet and income statement appear below: Mccloe Corporation Comparative Balance Sheet
Ending Balance Beginning Balance
Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $68 $48
Accounts receivable 62 67
Inventory 88 67
Property, plant and equipment 585 570
Less: accumulated depreciation 273 267
Total assets $530 $485

Liabilities and stockholders' equity:
Accounts payable $81 $62
Accrued liabilities 54 33
Income taxes payable 62 62
Bonds payable 89 154
Common stock 57 47
Retained earnings 187 127
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity $530 $485

Income Statement:
Sales $681  
Cost of goods sold 425  
Gross margin 256  
Selling and administrative expenses 188  
Net operating income 68  
Gain on sale of plant and equipment 30  
Income before taxes 98  
Income taxes 36  
Net income $62 

Cash dividends were $2. The company did not issue any bonds or repurchase any of its own common stock during the year. The net cash provided by (used in) financing activities for the year was:

Which term refers to the cost that motivates an economic decision

If a firm plans to issue new stock, flotation costs (investment bankers' fees) should not be ignored. there are two approaches to use to account for flotation costs. the first approach is to add the sum of flotation costs for the debt, preferred, and common stock and add them to the initial investment cost. because the investment cost is increased, the project's expected return is reduced so it may not meet the firm's hurdle rate for acceptance of the project. the second approach involves adjusting the cost of common equity as follows: . the difference between the flotation-adjusted cost of equity and the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment represents the flotation cost adjustment. quantitative problem: barton industries expects next year's annual dividend, d1, to be $1.90 and it expects dividends to grow at a constant rate g = 4.3%. the firm's current common stock price, p0, is $22.00. if it needs to issue new common stock, the firm will encounter a 6% flotation cost, f. assume that the cost of equity calculated without the flotation adjustment is 12% and the cost of old common equity is 11.5%. what is the flotation cost adjustment that must be added to its cost of retaine

The cost of capital: introduction the cost of capital: introduction companies issue bonds, preferred stock, and common equity to aise capital to invest in capital budgeting projects. capital is』necessary factor of production and like any other factor, it has a cost. this cost is equal to the select the applicable security. the rates of return that investors require on bonds, preferred stocks, and common equity represent the costs of those securities to the firm. companies estimate the required returns on their securities, calculate a weighted average of the costs of their different types of capital, and use this average cost for capital budgeting purposes. required return on rate: when calculating om operations when the firm's primary financial objective is to select shareholder value. to do this, companies invest in projects that earnselect their cost of capital. so, the cost of capital is often referred to as the -select -select and accruals, which a se spontaneously we hted average cost of capital wa c our concern is with capital that must be provided by select- 쑤 interest-bearing debt preferred stock and common equity. capital budgeting projects are undertaken, are not included as part of total invested capital because they do not come directly from investors. which of the following would be included in the caculation of total invested capital? choose the response that is most correct a. notes payable b. taxes payable c retained earnings d. responses a and c would be included in the calculation of total invested capital. e. none of the above would be included in the cakulation of total invested capital.