Which tool of monetary policy allows the Federal Reserve to decrease the money supply?
A. Lowering interest on reserves paid to banks
B. Decreasing the discount rate on short-term loans
C. Purchasing treasury securities on the open market
D. Increasing the reserve requirement on banks

Western electric has 32,000 shares of common stock outstanding at a price per share of $79 and a rate of return of 13.00 percent. the firm has 7,300 shares of 7.80 percent preferred stock outstanding at a price of $95.00 per share. the preferred stock has a par value of $100. the outstanding debt has a total face value of $404,000 and currently sells for 111 percent of face. the yield to maturity on the debt is 8.08 percent. what is the firm's weighted average cost of capital if the tax rate is 39 percent?