List the four phases of the business cycle in order, and define each phase. Explain the difference between a recession and a depression.

What is product differentiation, and how can it be achieved ? what is product positioning? what conditions would head to head product positioning be appropriate?

Atoy manufacturer makes its own wind-up motors, which are then put into its toys. while the toy manufacturing process is continuous, the motors are intermittent flow. data on the manufacture of the motors appears below.annual demand (d) = 50,000 units daily subassembly production rate = 1,000setup cost (s) = $85 per batch daily subassembly usage rate = 200carrying cost = $.20 per unit per year(a) to minimize cost, how large should each batch of subassemblies be? (b) approximately how many days are required to produce a batch? (c) how long is a complete cycle? (d) what is the average inventory for this problem? (e) what is the total annual inventory cost (holding plus setup) of the optimal behavior in this problem?

Pettijohn inc. the balance sheet and income statement shown below are for pettijohn inc. note that the firm has no amortization charges, it does not lease any assets, none of its debt must be retired during the next 5 years, and the notes payable will be rolled over. balance sheet (millions of $) assets 2016 cash and securities $ 1,554.0 accounts receivable 9,660.0 inventories 13,440.0 total current assets $24,654.0 net plant and equipment 17,346.0 total assets $42,000.0 liabilities and equity accounts payable $ 7,980.0 notes payable 5,880.0 accruals 4,620.0 total current liabilities $18,480.0 long-term bonds 10,920.0 total debt $29,400.0 common stock 3,360.0 retained earnings 9,240.0 total common equity $12,600.0 total liabilities and equity $42,000.0 income statement (millions of $) 2016 net sales $58,800.0 operating costs except depr'n $54,978.0 depreciation $ 1,029.0 earnings bef int and taxes (ebit) $ 2,793.0 less interest 1,050.0 earnings before taxes (ebt) $ 1,743.0 taxes $ 610.1 net income $ 1,133.0 other data: shares outstanding (millions) 175.00 common dividends $ 509.83 int rate on notes payable 1. what is the firm's current ratio? (points : 6) 0.97 1.08 1.20 1.33 2. what is the firm's quick ratio? (points : 6) 0.49 0.61 0.73 0.87 3. what is the firm's total assets turnover? (points : 6) 0.90 1.12 1.40 1.68 4. what is the firm's inventory turnover ratio? (points : 6) 4.38 4.59 4.82 5.06 5. what is the firm's debt ratio? (points : 6) 45.93% 51.03% 56.70% 70.00% 6. what is the firm's roa? (points : 6) 2.70% 2.97% 3.26% 3.59% 7. what is the firm's roe? (points : 6) 8.54% 8.99% 9.44% 9.91%